JDBC的概念
通俗的讲,使用java代码(程序)发送sql语句的技术,就是jdbc技术 |
使用JDBC的前提
登录数据库服务器(连接数据库服务器) 数据库的IP地址 端口 数据库用户名 密码 |
连接MySQL数据库
day17是一个数据库
需要mysql连接的jar包:mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar
代码案例
/** * jdbc连接数据库 */ public class Demo1 { //连接数据库的URL private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17"; // jdbc协议:数据库子协议:主机:端口/连接的数据库 private String user = "root";//用户名 private String password = "123456";//密码
/** * (推荐使用这种方式连接数据库) * 推荐使用加载驱动程序类 来 注册驱动程序 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void test3() throws Exception{
//通过得到字节码对象的方式加载静态代码块,从而注册驱动程序 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); //2.连接到具体的数据库 Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); // con 表示对一个队mysql数据库的连接 System.out.println(conn); } } |
DDL语句建立表
public class Demo1 {
private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17"; private String user = "root"; private String password = "123456"; /** * 执行DDL语句(创建表) */ @Test public void test1(){ Statement stmt = null; Connection conn = null; try { //1.驱动注册程序 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象 conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
//3.创建Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.准备sql String sql = "CREATE TABLE student("+ "id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT," + "NAME VARCHAR(20)," + "gender VARCHAR(2)" + ")";
//5.发送sql语句,执行sql语句,得到返回结果 int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.输出 System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行!"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally{ //7.关闭连接(顺序:后打开的先关闭) if(stmt!=null) try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } if(conn!=null) try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } }
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JDBC工具类:获取连接,关闭连接
/** * jdbc工具类 * */ public class JdbcUtil { private static String url = null; private static String user = null; private static String password = null; private static String driverClass = null;
/** * 静态代码块中(只加载一次) */ static{ try { //读取db.properties文件 Properties props = new Properties();
InputStream in = JdbcUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
//加载文件 props.load(in); //读取信息 url = props.getProperty("url"); user = props.getProperty("user"); password = props.getProperty("password"); driverClass = props.getProperty("driverClass");
//注册驱动程序 Class.forName(driverClass); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("驱程程序注册出错"); } }
/** * 抽取获取连接对象的方法 */ public static Connection getConnection(){ try { Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); return conn; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } }
/** * 释放资源的方法 */ public static void close(Connection conn,Statement stmt){ if(stmt!=null){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } } if(conn!=null){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }
public static void close(Connection conn,Statement stmt,ResultSet rs){ if(rs!=null) try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e1); } if(stmt!=null){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } } if(conn!=null){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } } |
DML语句 插入数据
@Test public void testInsert(){ Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; try { //通过工具类获取连接对象 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement对象 stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.sql语句 String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','女')";
//5.执行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally{ //关闭资源 JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } |
DML语句 修改数据
@Test public void testUpdate(){ Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; //模拟用户输入 String name = "陈六"; int id = 1; try {
//通过工具类获取连接对象 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement对象 stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.sql语句 String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHERE id="+id+"";
System.out.println(sql);
//5.执行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally{ JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } |
DML语句删除数据
@Test public void testDelete(){ Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; //模拟用户输入 int id = 1; try { //通过工具类获取连接对象 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement对象 stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.sql语句 String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";
System.out.println(sql);
//5.执行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally{ JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } |
DML语句 查询数据
@Test public void test1(){ Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; try{ //获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); //创建Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); //准备sql String sql = "SELECT * FROM student"; //执行sql ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); //遍历结果 while(rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); String gender = rs.getString("gender"); System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender); } }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); }finally{ JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } |
使用PreparedStatement执行sql语句
插入数据
@Test public void testUpdate() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法) stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值 /** * 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始 */ stmt.setString(1, "王五"); stmt.setInt(2, 9);
//5.发送参数,执行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } |
修改数据
@Test public void testUpdate() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法) stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值 /** * 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始 */ stmt.setString(1, "王五"); stmt.setInt(2, 2);
//5.发送参数,执行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } |
删除数据
@Test public void testDelete() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法) stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值 /** * 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始 */ stmt.setInt(1, 6);
//5.发送参数,执行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt); } } |
查询数据
@Test public void testQuery() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //1.获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
//3.预编译 stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.执行sql rs = stmt.executeQuery();
//5.遍历rs while(rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt("id"); String name = rs.getString("name"); String gender = rs.getString("gender"); System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender); }
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { //关闭资源 JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt,rs); } } |
PreparedStatement vs Statment
1)语法不同:PreparedStatement可以使用预编译的sql,而Statment只能使用静态的sql 2)效率不同: PreparedStatement可以使用sql缓存区,效率比Statment高 3)安全性不同: PreparedStatement可以有效防止sql注入,而Statment不能防止sql注入。
推荐使用PreparedStatement |
防止数据库漏洞
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public class Demo2 { //模拟用户输入 private String name = "ericdfdfdfddfd' OR 1=1 -- "; // private String name = "eric"; private String password = "123456dfdfddfdf"; // private String password = "123456";
/** * Statment存在sql被注入的风险 */ @Test public void testByStatement(){ Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//创建Statment stmt = conn.createStatement();
//准备sql String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE NAME='"+name+"' AND PASSWORD='"+password+"'"; System.out.println(sql);
//执行sql rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
if(rs.next()){ //登录成功 System.out.println("登录成功"); }else{ System.out.println("登录失败"); }
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs); }
}
/** * PreparedStatement可以有效地防止sql被注入 */ @Test public void testByPreparedStatement(){ Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //获取连接 conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE NAME=? AND PASSWORD=?";
//预编译 stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//设置参数 stmt.setString(1, name); stmt.setString(2, password);
//执行sql rs = stmt.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){ //登录成功 System.out.println("登录成功"); }else{ System.out.println("登录失败"); }
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs); }
} } |
JDBC核心的API(类和方法)
|- DriverManager类: 驱动管理器类,用于管理所有注册的驱动程序 |-registerDriver(driver) : 注册驱动类对象 |-Connection getConnection(url,user,password); 获取连接对象
|- Connection接口: 表示java程序和数据库的连接对象。 |- Statement createStatement() : 创建Statement对象 |- PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 创建PreparedStatement对象 |- CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) 创建CallableStatement对象
|- Statement接口: 用于执行静态的sql语句 |- int executeUpdate(String sql) : 执行静态的更新sql语句(DDL,DML) |- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行的静态的查询sql语句(DQL)
|-PreparedStatement接口:用于执行预编译sql语句 |- int executeUpdate() : 执行预编译的更新sql语句(DDL,DML) |-ResultSet executeQuery() : 执行预编译的查询sql语句(DQL)
|-CallableStatement接口:用于执行存储过程的sql语句(call xxx) |-ResultSet executeQuery() : 调用存储过程的方法
|- ResultSet接口:用于封装查询出来的数据 |- boolean next() : 将光标移动到下一行 |-getXX() : 获取列的值 |