# =============================创建视图

select * from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id;


create view emp2dep as select emp.*,dep.name as dep_name from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id;


mysql> update emp2dep set name="EGON" where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from emp2dep;
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+--------------+
| id | name      | sex    | age  | dep_id | dep_name     |
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+--------------+
|  1 | EGON      | male   |   18 |    200 | 技术         |
|  2 | alex      | female |   48 |    201 | 人力资源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi   | male   |   38 |    201 | 人力资源     |
|  4 | yuanhao   | female |   28 |    202 | 销售         |
|  5 | liwenzhou | male   |   18 |    200 | 技术         |
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select * from emp;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | EGON       | male   |   18 |    200 |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |
|  7 | lili       | female |   48 |   NULL |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

# =============================修改视图
alter view emp2dep as 查询语句;

# =============================删除视图
drop view emp2dep;

# 增=》insert
create trigger tri_before_insert_t1 before insert on t1 for each row
begin
    sql语句;
end

create trigger tri_after_insert_t1 after insert on t1 for each row
begin
    sql语句;
end

# 删除=》delete
create trigger tri_before_delete_t1 before delete on t1 for each row
begin
    sql语句;
end

create trigger tri_after_delete_t1 after delete on t1 for each row
begin
    sql语句;
end


# 修改=》update





# 例如
insert into tt1 values(1,"egon",'male');


delimiter //
create trigger tri_before_insert_tt1 before insert on tt1 for each row
begin
    insert into tt2 values(NEW.name);
end //

delimiter ;



insert into tt1 values(2,"tom",'female');


# 练习
CREATE TABLE cmd (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    USER CHAR (32),
    priv CHAR (10),
    cmd CHAR (64),
    sub_time datetime, #提交时间
    success enum ('yes', 'no') #0代表执行失败
);

CREATE TABLE errlog (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    err_cmd CHAR (64),
    err_time datetime
);

delimiter $$
create trigger tri_after_insert_cmd after insert on cmd for each row
begin
    if NEW.success = 'no' then
        insert into errlog(err_cmd,err_time) values(NEW.cmd,NEW.sub_time);
    end if;
end $$
delimiter ;

insert into cmd(user,priv,cmd,sub_time,success) values
    ('egon','0755','ls -l /etc',NOW(),'yes'),
    ('egon','0755','cat /etc/passwd',NOW(),'no'),
    ('egon','0755','useradd xxx',NOW(),'no'),
    ('egon','0755','ps aux',NOW(),'yes');

drop trigger tri_after_insert_cmd ;

使用存储过程的
优点：
1. 用于替代程序写的SQL语句，实现程序与sql解耦
2. 基于网络传输，传别名的数据量小，而直接传sql数据量大

缺点：
1. 程序员扩展功能不方便

对于存储过程，可以接收参数，其参数有三类：
in        仅用于传入参数用
out      仅用于返回值用
inout   既可以传入又可以当作返回值

# 创建无参存储过程
delimiter $$
create procedure p1()
begin
    select * from emp;
end $$

delimiter ;

call p1();

# 创建有参存储过程
delimiter $$
create procedure p2(
    in n int,
    out res int
)
begin
    select * from emp where id > n;
    set res=1;
end $$

delimiter ;



==========================>在mysql里调用存储过程
mysql> set @x=1111;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> call p2(3,x);
ERROR 1414 (42000): OUT or INOUT argument 2 for routine db4.p2 is not a variable or NEW pseudo-variable in BEFORE trigger
mysql> call p2(3,@x);
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |
|  7 | lili       | female |   48 |   NULL |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select @x;
+------+
| @x   |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

==========================>在pymysql里调用存储过程

import pymysql  # pip3 install pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="root", password="123", db="db4", charset="utf8mb4")
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)


cursor.callproc('p2',(3,0))  # @_p2_0=3,@_p2_1=0
'''
set @_p2_0=3
set @_p2_1=0

call p2(@_p2_0,@_p2_1);

'''

print(cursor.fetchall())

cursor.execute("select @_p2_1;")
print(cursor.fetchall())

cursor.execute("select @_p2_0;")
print(cursor.fetchall())

cursor.close()
conn.close()

==========================>删除存储过程

drop procedure proc_name;

MySQL中内置函数

#1 基本使用
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2009-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');
        -> 'Sunday October 2009'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2007-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s');
        -> '22:23:00'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1900-10-04 22:23:00',
    ->                 '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');
        -> '4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00',
    ->                 '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');
        -> '22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1999-01-01', '%X %V');
        -> '1998 52'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2006-06-00', '%d');
        -> '00'


#2 准备表和记录
CREATE TABLE blog (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    NAME CHAR (32),
    sub_time datetime
);

INSERT INTO blog (NAME, sub_time)
VALUES
    ('第1篇','2015-03-01 11:31:21'),
    ('第2篇','2015-03-11 16:31:21'),
    ('第3篇','2016-07-01 10:21:31'),
    ('第4篇','2016-07-22 09:23:21'),
    ('第5篇','2016-07-23 10:11:11'),
    ('第6篇','2016-07-25 11:21:31'),
    ('第7篇','2017-03-01 15:33:21'),
    ('第8篇','2017-03-01 17:32:21'),
    ('第9篇','2017-03-01 18:31:21');

#3. 提取sub_time字段的值，按照格式后的结果即"年月"来分组
SELECT DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,'%Y-%m'),COUNT(1) FROM blog GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,'%Y-%m');

#结果
+-------------------------------+----------+
| DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,'%Y-%m') | COUNT(1) |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| 2015-03                       |        2 |
| 2016-07                       |        4 |
| 2017-03                       |        3 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

函数中不要写sql语句（否则会报错），函数仅仅只是一个功能，是一个在sql中被应用的功能
若要想在begin...end...中写sql，请用存储过程

#1

delimiter //
create function f1(
    i1 int,
    i2 int)
returns int
BEGIN
    declare num int;
    set num = i1 + i2;
    return(num);
END //
delimiter ;

#2

delimiter //
create function f5(
    i int
)
returns int
begin
    declare res int default 0;
    if i = 10 then
        set res=100;
    elseif i = 20 then
        set res=200;
    elseif i = 30 then
        set res=300;
    else
        set res=400;
    end if;
    return res;
end //
delimiter ;

drop function func_name;

# 获取返回值
select UPPER('egon') into @res;
SELECT @res;


# 在查询中使用
select f1(11,nid) ,name from tb2;

#if条件语句

delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_if ()
BEGIN
    
    declare i int default 0;
    if i = 1 THEN
        SELECT 1;
    ELSEIF i = 2 THEN
        SELECT 2;
    ELSE
        SELECT 7;
    END IF;

END //
delimiter ;

#while循环语句

delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_while ()
BEGIN

    DECLARE num INT ;
    SET num = 0 ;
    WHILE num < 10 DO
        SELECT
            num ;
        SET num = num + 1 ;
    END WHILE ;

END //
delimiter ;

#repeat 循环

delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_repeat ()
BEGIN

    DECLARE i INT ;
    SET i = 0 ;
    repeat
        select i;
        set i = i + 1;
        until i >= 5
    end repeat;

END //
delimiter ;

#loop循环

BEGIN
    
    declare i int default 0;
    loop_label: loop
        
        set i=i+1;
        if i<8 then
            iterate loop_label;
        end if;
        if i>=10 then
            leave loop_label;
        end if;
        select i;
    end loop loop_label;

END